Learn Basic Korean (Part 2)
Learn 8 More on Grammar
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman (I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stemshillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.
For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.
On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.
Learn 9 Using Negative Copula's
cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am not a teacher ).
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the Korean department ).
For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like Korea ?"
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or "No i dont"
Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or "Yes i dont"
As you can see...it can be confusing at first, so you will need to think carefully.
However, it is also possible to say (X-subject) odi issoyo?
When answering a Where is question, you must always use issoyo as a verb such that:-
hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is over there ).
There are lots of verbs where you may attach -jiman onto, here are a few of them:-
Note that for the word iss-jiman the double ss is re-written to itjiman
It is most frequently using in relation to chu- when making requests, for example
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you might use it in Soju chom chuseyo ( Please give me the Soju ). As you can see, chom may be used to soften up requests by making it more polite.
Learn 10 Numbers and Counting
In Korean there are two sets of numbers which are used when counting, the first set are known as pure Korean numbers, and the other are Sino-korean which is based on the chinese numerals.
The use of these numbers depends on the context in which it is used, for example the pure korean numbers are used when counting hours, and the sino korean when used to count minutes.
Learn 11 Using -seyo
Examples of these are:-
mashi- becomes mashiseyo
ha- becomes haseyo
kidari- becomes kidariseyo
iss- becomes issuseyo
anj- becomes anjuseyo
If you want to request someone to wait for you, you would say kidariseyo (Please wait !!).
The use of -seyo means that you have a special respect for the person, for example if you sayhansongsaengnim-i hakkyo-e kaseyo ,you are saying Mr Han is going to school. ( But you are also showing special respect for him ).
For example you may say, cho-nun mok-ko ship'oyo which means I want to eat, notice that when it is used, the -ko is utilised by being added to the end of the verb stem.
Here are some examples:-
Umryosu mashipshida ( Lets have a drink )
Source : http://www.learn-korean.net
(Thank You Learn Korean ... ^.^ ) --- to be continue ...
-hamnida and -jiman
In Korean, it is possible to add polite endings to verbs, for example, shillye hamnida (excuse me), which is comprised of the verb stem shille ha-, and the verb ending hamnida (note this is the formal style).There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman (I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stemshillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.
Asking a person
In Korean, there is a special verb which may be used in the event where you want to ask someone if they are someone.....for example "Are you Mr Han".We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)
Subjects and topics of Korean sentences
In Korean, we attach -i to the end of nouns which end with consonants, or attach -ga to the end of nouns which end in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible to give emphasis, on subjects in sentences.For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.
For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.
On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.
Learn 9 Using Negative Copula's
Negative Copula
In Korean, when you are trying to say something is not something else, we use the negative copula anieyo. For instance, When saying 'A is not B', we would say :-cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am not a teacher ).
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the Korean department ).
Answering questions with Yes and No in Korean
This is a tricky aspect of the Korean language, it is quite different to how we would speak in English.For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like Korea ?"
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or "No i dont"
Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or "Yes i dont"
As you can see...it can be confusing at first, so you will need to think carefully.
Where is it?
When asking where something is in Korean, you would say (X-subject) odieyo?However, it is also possible to say (X-subject) odi issoyo?
When answering a Where is question, you must always use issoyo as a verb such that:-
hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is over there ).
Using Korean sentences with but....
We have previously seen that shillye hamnida and the equivalent shillye-jiman mean "Excuse me,but" or "I'm Sorry, but...." .There are lots of verbs where you may attach -jiman onto, here are a few of them:-
| ka- ( go ) | ka-jiman ( goes, but .......) | ||
| ha- ( do ) | ha-jiman ( does,but......) | ||
| sa- ( buy ) | sa-jiman ( buys,but.....) | ||
| iss- ( is/are, have ) | it-jiman ( has,but....) | ||
| mashi- ( drink ) | mashi-jiman ( drinks,but.....) | ||
| mok- ( eat ) | mok-jiman ( eats, but.......) | ||
| anj- (sit ) | anj-jiman ( sits, but.....) |
Note that for the word iss-jiman the double ss is re-written to itjiman
Using polite requests
In Korean, the word chom is used to mean "please", however do not mistake it to mean the same as the English word for please for all occurances. For instance, when you use chom in a request immediately before the verb at the end of the sentence, it takes on the effect of please.It is most frequently using in relation to chu- when making requests, for example
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you might use it in Soju chom chuseyo ( Please give me the Soju ). As you can see, chom may be used to soften up requests by making it more polite.
Learn 10 Numbers and Counting
In Korean there are two sets of numbers which are used when counting, the first set are known as pure Korean numbers, and the other are Sino-korean which is based on the chinese numerals.
The use of these numbers depends on the context in which it is used, for example the pure korean numbers are used when counting hours, and the sino korean when used to count minutes.
| kong | 0 | ||||||
| il | 1 | shibil | 11 | ishibil | 21 | ||
| i | 2 | shibi | 12 | ishibi | 22 | ||
| sam | 3 | shipsam | 13 | ishipsam | 23 | ||
| sa | 4 | shipsa | 14 | ishipsa | 24 | ||
| o | 5 | shibo | 15 | ||||
| yuk | 6 | shimnyuk | 16 | ||||
| ch'il | 7 | shipch'il | 17 | ||||
| p'al | 8 | shipp'al | 18 | ||||
| ku | 9 | shibku | 19 | ishipku | 29 | ||
| ship | 10 | iship | 20 | samship | 30 | ||
| saship | 40 | ||||||
| kuship | 90 | ||||||
| paek | 100 | ||||||
| ch'on | 1000 | ||||||
| man | 10,000 | ||||||
Learn 11 Using -seyo
Making requests more polite
The polite honorific -seyo can be used to make requests more polite, -seyo is used when the verb stem ends in in a vowel, and -useyo is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant.Examples of these are:-
mashi- becomes mashiseyo
ha- becomes haseyo
kidari- becomes kidariseyo
iss- becomes issuseyo
anj- becomes anjuseyo
If you want to request someone to wait for you, you would say kidariseyo (Please wait !!).
The use of -seyo means that you have a special respect for the person, for example if you sayhansongsaengnim-i hakkyo-e kaseyo ,you are saying Mr Han is going to school. ( But you are also showing special respect for him ).
What you want to do ?
Koreans use -ko ship'oyo which literally means want to, and this can be added to a verb stem.For example you may say, cho-nun mok-ko ship'oyo which means I want to eat, notice that when it is used, the -ko is utilised by being added to the end of the verb stem.
Making Suggestions
When making suggestions, Koreans use -(u)pshida ( literally means lets do), as you may have guessed, -pshida is attached onto verb stems ending in a vowel, and -upshida is attached to verbstems ending in a consonant.Here are some examples:-
Umryosu mashipshida ( Lets have a drink )
Source : http://www.learn-korean.net
(Thank You Learn Korean ... ^.^ ) --- to be continue ...
Comments
Post a Comment